The Foreign Service Journal, March 2006

T HE M AGAZINE F OR F OREIGN A FFAIRS P ROFESSIONALS Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0146-3543), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published monthly with a combined July/August issue by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit organization. Material appearing herein represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent the views of the Journal, the Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries and submissions are invited, preferably by e-mail. Journal subscription: AFSAMembers - $13 included in annual dues; others - $40. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; foreign airmail, $36 per year. Periodical postage paid at Washington, D.C., and at additional mail- ing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Foreign Service Journal , 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. Indexed by Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, photos or illustrations. Advertising inquiries are invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply the endorsement of the services or goods offered. FAX: (202) 338-8244 or (202) 338-6820. E-MAIL: journal@afsa.org . WEB: www.afsa.org . TELEPHONE: (202) 338-4045. © American Foreign Service Association, 2006. Printed in the U.S.A. Send address changes to AFSA Membership, 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. Printed on 50-percent recycled paper, of which 10 percent is post-consumer waste. J O U R N A L OREIGN ERVICE S F Editor S TEVEN A LAN H ONLEY Senior Editor S USAN B. M AITRA Associate Editor S HAWN D ORMAN Ad & Circulation Manager E D M ILTENBERGER Business Manager M IKKELA V. T HOMPSON Art Director C ARYN S UKO S MITH Editorial Intern S HAWN G UAN Advertising Intern M IHO K URISHIMA Editorial Board T ED W ILKINSON , C HAIRMAN K ENT C. B ROKENSHIRE S TEPHEN W. B UCK A NTHONY S. C HAN L ILLIAN DE V ALCOURT -A YALA J OSH G LAZEROFF W ILLIAM W. J ORDAN L AURIE K ASSMAN J OYCE W. N AMDE K AY W EBB M AYFIELD C HRISTOPHER L. T EAL F O C U S O N I R A Q & T H E F S 17 / I RAQ S ERVICE AND B EYOND The war in Iraq is having a profound effect on the Foreign Service. It is time to discuss what is happening and how to meet the challenges. By Shawn Dorman 20 / A D AY IN THE L IFE ... Nine officers who are serving in Iraq or have recently done so describe a “typical” workday. 42 / S TAFFING B AGHDAD : T IME FOR D IRECTED A SSIGNMENTS The Foreign Service must recognize that service in wartime necessitates a complete commitment by all personnel. By Henry S. Ensher 43 / S TAFFING B AGHDAD : I NPUT FROM THE F IELD There are strong opinions, but no clear consensus, on whether the Service can continue to depend on volunteers to staff Iraq. By the Editors 50 / A H ORIZONTAL M ODEL FOR T RANSFORMATIONAL D IPLOMACY The new post-post–Cold War world demands new think- ing and new approaches to diplomacy that are invariably more “horizontal” than “vertical.” By Keith W. Mines C ONTENTS Ma r c h 2 0 0 6 Vo l ume 8 3 , No . 3 M ILITARY -C IVILIAN C OOPERATION : A F IELD P ERSPECTIVE / 55 As head of USAID’s Iraq mission, an FSO learned valuable lessons about melding two very different cultures — military and civilian — to deliver assistance. By James “Spike” Stephenson PRT S IN A FGHANISTAN : M ODEL OR M UDDLE ? / 63 Provincial Reconstruction Teams are becoming a model for stabilization and reconstruction missions. Here is a look at their evolution in Afghanistan. By Michael J. McNerney CORDS: A L ESSON IN T RUE I NTERAGENCY C OOOPERATION / 70 The Vietnam era’s Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support program offers lessons for Iraq and Afghanistan. By Mitchell J. Thompson C O L U M N S P RESIDENT ’ S V IEWS / 5 Protecting Our Members and Our Service By J. Anthony Holmes S PEAKING O UT / 14 Micromanagement and the Culture of Fear By Llywelyn C. Graeme R EFLECTIONS / 92 Letter from Turkmenistan: Life in the Twilight Zone By Jessica Hayden D E P A R T M E N T S L ETTERS / 7 C YBERNOTES / 10 M ARKETPLACE / 12 B OOKS / 73 I N M EMORY / 75 I NDEX T O A DVERTISERS / 90 AFSA N EWS AND A NNUAL R EPORT / C ENTER I NSERT M A R C H 2 0 0 6 / F O R E I G N S E R V I C E J O U R N A L 3 Cover photo by Rebecca Fong: Referendum Day in Baghdad, Oct. 15, 2005.