The Foreign Service Journal, April 2003

A P R I L 2 0 0 3 / F O R E I G N S E R V I C E J O U R N A L 3 T HE M AGAZINE F OR F OREIGN A FFAIRS P ROFESSIONALS Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0146-3543), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit organization. Material appearing here- in represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent the views of the Journal, the Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries and submissions are invited, preferably by e-mail. Journal subscription: AFSA Members - $9.50 included in annual dues; others - $40. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; foreign air- mail, $36 per year. Periodical postage paid at Washington, D.C., and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Foreign Service Journal , 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. Indexed by Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, photos or illustrations. Advertising inquiries are invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply the endorsement of the services or goods offered. FAX: (202) 338-8244 or (202) 338-6820. E-MAIL: journal@afsa.org. WEB: www.afsa.org. TE LEPHONE: (202) 338-4045. © American Foreign Service Association, 2003. Printed in the U.S.A. Send address changes to AFSA Membership, 2101 E Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037- 2990. Printed on 50 percent recycled paper, of which 10 percent is post-consumer waste. J O U R N A L OREIGN ERVICE S F Editor S TEVEN A LAN H ONLEY Associate Editor S USAN B. M AITRA Business Manager M IKKELA V. T HOMPSON Ad & Circulation Manager E D M ILTENBERGER AFSA News Editor S HAWN D ORMAN Art Director C ARYN J. S UKO Editorial Intern S TEPHEN E. M ATHER Advertising Intern C HEUK -T ING H O Editorial Board A RNOLD S CHIFFERDECKER , C HAIRMAN J UDITH B AROODY M ARK W. B OCCHETTI E LIZABETH S PIRO C LARK T ATIANA G FOELLER -V OLKOFF C AROL A. G IACOMO L AURIE K ASSMAN C AROLINE M EIRS H OLLIS S UMMERS W ILLIAM W ANLUND T ED W ILKINSON F O C U S O N C E N T R A L A S I A 18 / T HE U.S. R EDRAWS THE M AP In setting up military bases in Central Asia, the U.S. redrew the geopolitical map of the region. Here are the major challenges the U.S. now faces. By Svante E. Cornell 25 / P UTTING H UMAN R IGHTS B ACK ON THE A GENDA Over the past decade, U.S. pro-democracy and human rights leverage has been squandered. If not corrected soon, the results could be disastrous. By Ed McWilliams 32 / P ICKING U P THE P IECES : T HE D EVELOPMENT C HALLENGE The international community needs to plan for the long haul, as the Central Asian nations struggle to build viable economies. By David Pearce 36 / I SLAM & THE U.S. IN P OST -S OVIET C ENTRAL A SIA There is plentiful evidence that negative perceptions of the United States are creating fertile ground for Islamist recruiters. By Edward Schatz 43 / C ASPIAN B ASIN O IL : J UST A P IPE D REAM ? Washington has used the promise of huge Caspian oil reserves to attract American investors to the region. But what is the reality? By Alec Rasizade 48 / F ILLING THE V OID : T HE U.S. IN C ENTRAL A SIA Soon after Sept. 11, 2001, Central Asia became the front line in the U.S. war on terrorism. That fact has only rein- forced our pre-existing strategic interests in the region. By Eugene B. Rumer C ONTENTS A p r i l 2 0 0 3 Vo l ume 8 0 , No . 4 T URKMEN A RCHAEOLOGY : A C ENTRAL A SIAN S URPRISE / 52 Turkmen archaeology typifies the cultural surprises the region offers. By Tatiana C. Gfoeller F E A T U R E S H ELPING TO R EUNITE F AMILIES : S TATE ’ S O FFICE O F C HILDREN ’ S I SSUES / 57 Resolving international child custody disputes is a high priority for the State Department’s Consular Affairs Bureau and its Office of Children’s Issues. By Barbara J. Greig A RABIAN N IGHTMARE : T HE P ATRICIA R OUSH C ASE / 61 Patricia Roush’s campaign to get her daughters back received publicity and high-level attention, but to no avail. She blames the State Department for not doing more. By George Gedda C O L U M N S P RESIDENT ’ S V IEWS / 5 A Career in Balance By John K. Naland S PEAKING O UT / 13 Does State Need Volcker-Style Reform? By Anthony C. E. Quainton R EFLECTIONS / 80 By Simon Hankinson D E P A R T M E N T S L ETTERS / 7 C YBERNOTES / 10 B OOKS / 67 I N M EMORY / 68 I NDEX TO A DVERTISERS / 78 AFSA N EWS / C ENTER I NSERT Cover and inside illustrations by Josh Dorman Page 18