The Foreign Service Journal, June 2019

THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL | JUNE 2019 25 M igrations have marked human activity since our early hominid period. With wan- derlust and a search for greener pastures embedded in man’s DNA, we have gone out of Africa; moved into Europe, absorbing the Neanderthals; merged with populations in what became the Egypt of the pharaohs; and peopled the Pacific islands. Africans pushed the San people aside as they moved to the southern tip of Africa; Europeans invaded the Western Hemisphere, conquering the indig- enous people of South and North America. Migrants have always faced the hardships and uncertainty of travel. They often fought to secure their place in new lands. But ultimately, relatively small populations found space. They conquered and intermarried, reaching accommodation with or forcing extinction (or nearly so) on their new neighbors. These historic movements, or migrations, contrast with immigration , the term for a modern type of population shift that I define as a structured process by which a nation-state accepts additions to its population from other nation-states. Timothy Carney was a Foreign Service officer for 32 years, during which he served as U.S. ambas- sador to Sudan and then Haiti. He also served in three United Nations missions: Cambodia (UNTAC), Somalia (UNOSOM II) and South Africa (UNOMSA), among many other assignments. The present and looming migration crisis, with bad governance its main driver, requires all the tools of statecraft to resolve. BY T I MOTHY CARNEY MILLIONS ON THE MOVE FOCUS M anaging the Migrant Surge