The Foreign Service Journal, September 2022

THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL | SEPTEMBER 2022 15 based on rules, established institutions and interests aligned with India; on the other, the CCP, with its revisionist inter- pretation of global history since the end of the colonial era, supporting Pakistan. Expand U.S. Engagement Dr. Wang is correct: Future U.S. policy should communicate that China’s con- tinued prosperity must occur within the existing rules of the world order. Greater economic and political integration of South Asia, as a whole, into the liberal world order helps shape the strategic envi- ronment in which China operates. Greater multilateral trade between the two South Asian countries and the U.S. and its allies creates additional diplomatic triangulation options for crisis management, as well as providing an alternative to China’s predatory economic programs. Further, closer military relations with both Pakistan and India, but especially Pakistan, would provide another pillar for regional stability, even if it simply comes through more traditional forms of security cooperation, the expansion of existing professional military education opportu- nities, or increased intelligence sharing in areas of mutual interest. When approaching South Asia, one can view it as a hotbed for radicalism that is continually dragged down by historical grievances, or a region of opportunity, ripe for expanded U.S. engagement. China certainly values the region for its own economic growth. The U.S. should engage with both Pakistan and India to bolster their economic and political integration into the rules-based order, and thus shape one region in which China operates. n Greater economic and political integration of South Asia into the liberal world order helps shape the strategic environment in which China operates.