The Foreign Service Journal, October 2005

nificant parts of Latin America, Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. It may not be strictly a clash of cultures, but conflict is certainly rife. Professor Stern’s book provides a good deal of insight into what is going on. Ambassador Edward Marks, a retired FSO, is a former chairman of the Journal ’s Editorial Board. For the past several years, he has been a consultant to the Joint Interagency Coordination Group on Counter- terrorism at the U.S. Pacific Command in Honolulu. Behind Enemy Lines Inside the Vatican of Pius XII: The Memoir of an American Diplomat During World War II Harold H. Tittmann Jr., edited with an introduction by Harold H. Tittmann III. Image Books/ Doubleday, 2004, $13.95, paperback, 213 pages. R EVIEWED BY D AMIAN L EADER Serving as an American diplomat at the Vatican is a great stimulus for autobiography: three of our past four ambassadors have published accounts of their achievements. Harold Titt- mann’s memoir stands apart, however, because he was an FSO who spent nearly three years during World War II holed up inside the Vatican, a tiny patch of neutrality surrounded by occupied Rome. The present book is his account of those years as edited and abridged by his son, who, as a teenager, shared much of the experi- ence. It is a remarkable story. President Franklin Roosevelt, with war imminent, recognized the role the Vatican could play in influencing European states. Since he knew the 64 F O R E I G N S E R V I C E J O U R N A L / O C T O B E R 2 0 0 5 B O O K S u