- Members
- Publications
- Outreach
- Students
- Resources
- Awards & Honors
- Policy
- Testimony
- Ambassador Tracker
- Foreign Service Act of 1980
- Assistant Secretaries: Foreign Service Career vs Other Appointments
- Career vs. Other Appointments: Assistant Secretary Equivalents
- Senior Positions: Foreign Service Career vs. Other Appointments
- Special Envoys, Representatives, Coordinators
- Appointments - Joseph R. Biden
- Appointments - Donald J. Trump
- Appointments - Barack Obama
- Appointments - George W. Bush
- Appointments - William J. Clinton
- Appointments - George H. W. Bush
- Appointments - Ronald Reagan
- Appointments - Jimmy Carter
- Appointments - Gerald Ford
- Ambassadors to the U.S. from Other Nations
- Current Deputy Chiefs of Mission
- Principal Officer Tracker
- Tracker: Senior Official Appointments
- Reports
- Press Releases
- Member Agencies & Representatives
- AFSA Advocacy Update, September 2024
- Advocacy Update Archive
- AFSA-PAC
- About AFSA
Senior Positions: Foreign Service Career vs. Other Appointments
Deputy Secretaries and Under Secretaries of State
Statistics from 1975 to the Present Day
Updated February 2, 2022
| Post | Incumbent | Career FS/Other | Dates of Service |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Deputy Secretary of State
Career: 21.1%
Other: 78.9% |
Robert Stephen Ingersoll | Other | 1974-1976 |
| Charles Wesley Robinson | Other | 1976-1977 | |
| Warren M. Christopher | Other | 1977-1981 | |
| William P. Clark | Other | 1981-1982 | |
| Walter J. Stoessel Jr. | Career FS | 1982 | |
| Kenneth W. Dam | Other | 1982-1985 | |
| John C. Whitehead | Other | 1985-1989 | |
| Lawrence S. Eagleburger | Career FS | 1989-1992 | |
| Clifton R. Wharton | Other | 1993 | |
| Strobe Talbott | Other | 1994-2001 | |
| Richard L. Armitage | Other | 2001-2005 | |
| Robert B. Zoellick | Other | 2005-2006 | |
| John D. Negroponte | Career FS | 2007-2009 | |
| James B. Steinberg | Other | 2009-2012 | |
| William J. Burns | Career FS | 2012-2014 | |
| Antony Blinken | Other | 2014-2017 | |
| John J. Sullivan | Other | 2017-2020 | |
| Stephen Biegun | Other | 2020-2021 | |
| Wendy Sherman | Other | 2021- | |
|
Deputy Secretary - Management & Resources
Career: 0%
Other: 100% |
Jacob Lew | Other | 2009-2011 |
| Thomas R. Nides | Other | 2011-2013 | |
| Heather Higginbottom | Other | 2014-2017 | |
| Brian McKeon | Other | 2021- | |
|
Under Secretary of State for Arms Control & International Security
Career: 12.5%
Other: 87.5% |
Carlyle E. Maw | Other | 1974-1976 |
| Lucy W.P. Benson | Other | 1977-1980 | |
| Matthew Nimetz | Other | 1980 | |
| James L. Buckley | Other | 1981-1982 | |
| William Schneider Jr. | Other | 1982-1986 | |
| Edward J. Derwinski | Other | 1987-1989 | |
| Reginald Bartholomew | Career FS | 1989-1992 | |
| Frank G. Wisner II | Career FS | 1992-1993 | |
| Lynn E. Davis | Other | 1993-1997 | |
| John D. Holum | Other | 2000-2001 | |
| John R. Bolton | Other | 2001-2005 | |
| Robert Joseph | Other | 2005-2007 | |
| Ellen Tauscher | Other | 2009-2011 | |
| Rose Gottemoeller | Other | 2014-2017 | |
| Andrea L. Thompson | Other | 2018-2019 | |
| Bonnie Jenkins | Other | 2021- | |
|
Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy & the Environment
Career: 6.7%
Other: 93.3% |
Charles W. Robinson | Other | 1974-1976 |
| William D. Rogers | Other | 1976 | |
| Richard N. Cooper | Other | 1977-1981 | |
| Myer Rashish | Other | 1981-1982 | |
| W. Allen Wallis | Other | 1982-1989 | |
| Richard T. McCormack | Other | 1989-1991 | |
| Robert B. Zoellick | Other | 1991-1992 | |
| Joan Edelman Spero | Other | 1993-1997 | |
| Alan P. Larson | Career FS | 1999-2005 | |
| Josette Sheeran Shiner | Other | 2005-2007 | |
| Reuben Jeffery III | Other | 2007-2009 | |
| Robert D. Hormats | Other | 2009-2013 | |
| Catherine Ann Novelli | Other | 2014-2017 | |
| Keith Krach | Other | 2019-2021 | |
| Jose Fernandez | Other | 2021- | |
|
Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, & Human Rights
Career: 0%
Other: 100% |
Tim E. Wirth | Other | 1994-1997 |
| Frank E. Loy | Other | 1998-2001 | |
| Paula Dobriansky | Other | 2001-2009 | |
| Maria Otero | Other | 2009-2013 | |
| Sarah Sewall | Other | 2014-2017 | |
| Uzra Zeya | Other | 2021- | |
|
Under Secretary of State for Management
Career: 21.4%
Other: 78.6% |
Benjamin H. Read | Other | 1978-1981 |
| Richard T. Kennedy | Other | 1981-1982 | |
| Jerome W. Van Gorkom | Other | 1982-1983 | |
| Ronald I. Spiers | Career FS | 1983-1989 | |
| Ivan Selin | Other | 1989-1991 | |
| John F.W. Rogers | Other | 1991-1993 | |
| John Brian Atwood | Other | 1993 | |
| Richard M. Moose | Other | 1993-1996 | |
| Bonnie R. Cohen | Other | 1997-2001 | |
| Grant S. Green | Other | 2001-2005 | |
| Henrietta H. Fore | Other | 2005-2007 | |
| Patrick F. Kennedy | Career FS | 2007-2017 | |
| Brian Bulatao | Other | 2019-2021 | |
| John Bass | Career FS | 2021- | |
|
Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
Career: 76.5%
Other: 23.5% |
Joseph J. Sisco | Career FS | 1974-1976 |
| Philip C. Habib | Career FS | 1976-1978 | |
| David D. Newsom | Career FS | 1978-1981 | |
| Walter J. Stoessel Jr. | Career FS | 1981-1982 | |
| Lawrence S. Eagleburger | Career FS | 1982-1984 | |
| Michael H. Armacost | Career FS | 1984-1989 | |
| Robert M. Kimmitt | Other | 1989-1991 | |
| Arnold Lee Kanter | Other | 1991-1993 | |
| Peter Tarnoff | Career FS | 1993-1997 | |
| Thomas R. Pickering | Career FS | 1997-2000 | |
| Marc I. Grossman | Career FS | 2001-2005 | |
| R. Nicholas Burns | Career FS | 2005-2008 | |
| William J. Burns | Career FS | 2008-2012 | |
| Wendy R. Sherman | Other | 2012-2015 | |
| Thomas Shannon | Career FS | 2016-2018 | |
| David Hale | Career FS | 2018-2021 | |
| Victoria Nuland | Other | 2021- | |
|
Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy & Public Affairs
Career: 0%
Other: 100% |
Evelyn S. Lieberman | Other | 1999-2001 |
| Charlotte L. Beers | Other | 2001-2003 | |
| Margaret D. Tutwiler | Other | 2003-2004 | |
| Karen P. Hughes | Other | 2005-2007 | |
| James K. Glassman | Other | 2008-2009 | |
| Judith A. McHale | Other | 2009-2011 | |
| Tara D. Sonenshine | Other | 2012-2013 | |
| Richard Stengel | Other | 2014-2017 | |
| Irwin Steven Goldstein | Other | 2017-2018 |
Questions, comments, corrections? Please let us know!
Information taken from www.whitehouse.gov and foreign.senate.gov.